![]() ![]() Remember that CO2 isn’t released during inspiration. Phase IV takes place when your patient transitions from exhaling to inhaling. The peak pressure at the very end of the plateau is your end-tidal carbon dioxide value. It should maintain a mostly constant pressure between 35-45 mm hg as your patient breathes out. Phase III forms the top of the waveform rectangle. Which phase of the capnography waveform represents dead space air being exhaled? That would be phase III, also called the alveolar plateau. ![]() This appears as a sudden uptick in the graph, forming the first side of the rectangle. The rapid increase in CO2 pressure trips the capnograph’s sensors. Phase II begins at the point where your patient transitions from inhaling to exhaling. Phase I forms the baseline of your waveform. Since you don’t release carbon dioxide while breathing in, this phase is a flat line at or very close to zero (the horizontal axis). The first phase of a waveform takes place during inhalation. When someone is breathing normally, these take the shape of a rectangle with rounded corners. When they inhale, it falls toward zero.Įvery waveform displays four distinct phases of ventilation. When the patient exhales, the line goes up. The part that takes getting used to is reading the graph in terms of how much carbon dioxide is present instead of oxygen. They’re nothing more than a type of line graph that illustrates a patient’s breathing pattern. Capnography Waveform PhasesĬapnography waveforms may look difficult to read, but once you understand what they’re trying to tell you, you’ll find that it’s fairly simple. Keep these letters in mind as we move on to look at the different phases of a capnography waveform.
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